Audience - Hall, Bandura, Gerbner AUDIENCE, THEORY apply them to contemporary media texts (last 5 years)

 media effects and Albert Bandura

• the idea that the media can implant ideas in the mind of the audience directly.
• the idea that audiences acquire attitudes, emotional responses and new styles of conduct through modeling 
• the idea that media representations of transgression can lead audience members to imitate those forms if behavior .

George Gerbner drip-drip 

• the idea that exposure to repeated patterns of representation over long periods of time can shape and influence the way in which people perceive the world around them.
• the idea that cultivation reinforces mainstream values.

Three print analyses

 The magazine of the big issue used green writing to indicate a Christmas theme. they use green as the main colour which could represent the Grinch. the magazine has a medium close up shot of Noel Gallagher on the front cover. He is looking strait into the camera with a stern expression which could be the comparison to the Grinch. The headline is san serif and is bold. the headline is (The First Noel) this is a play on words because noel refers to Christmas and is his name. the cover lines are serif and look like they are painted to differ from the headline. The mast head is in the top left and is in black and white. 

audience notes

 WHAT IS AND AUDIENCE?

an individual or collective group of people who read or consume any media text. E.g radio listeners, Television viewers, newspaper and magazine readers, web traffic on websites. 

WHY ARE AUDIENCES IMPORTANT ?

without audiences there would be no media.

 media organizations produce media texts.

fragmented audience 

The division of audiences into smaller groups due to the variety of media outlets.

mass audience

often termed broadcast audience. those who consume mainstream or popular texts such as soaps or sitcoms. media and communication that targets a very large group of people (women ,men, children ,adults).

Niche audience

much smaller. but very influential. a niche audience is a small ,select group of people with every unique interests.

psychographics 

demographic profiling is to do with income 

Boyz N the Hood analysis

 the opening of the film starts with a black screen with gunshots in the background this could be used to show mystery or to show the normality of shootings and violence in the area. it then pans down form a plane to a mid shot of a stop sign and then zooms into it. the stop sign acts as a message to STOP violence and shootings. It then cuts to an establishing shot with the poor neighbourhood in the background and a group of children crossing the road the establishing shot is used to show the audience that these children are in a dangerous place. they use the image of the children to show the vulnerability of them and to make the audience fell sorry or scared for the children. 

The film cuts to a classroom where the teacher is white and teaching a prominently black class. This uses Levi Straus's idea of binary opposites to show a divide in society. also the teacher is always taller than the student in every shot and is always standing up this shows that the white teacher is better than the students and has power over them.

Narrative and Barthes, Todorov, Levi Strauss

 Roland Barthes

semiotics

• texts communicate their meanings through signs and signification 
• texts can operate at the level of denotation (simple name or meaning) or connotation ( the meanings associated with the sign)
• meanings can become naturalised or accepted, and take on the status of myth

Claude Levi- Strauss 

structuralism

• meaning is dependant upon a series of oppositions 
• the way these binary oppositions are resolved can be ideologically significant.

Vladmir Todorov

• the idea that all narratives share a basic structure
• equilibrium - disruption of equilibrium - new state of equilibrium 

Steve Neale

 Steve Neale says - genres may be dominated by repetition, but are also marked by difference, variation and change the idea that genres change, develop, and vary, as they borrow from and overlap with one another. You can also have hybrid genres for eg. Scary Movie, Hot Stuff, Zombieland.

camera fam shots

 

tv drama industry